面试题：C语言结构体动态内存分配的复杂场景处理

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

// 定义借阅记录结构体
typedef struct {
    char borrower[50];
    char borrowDate[20];
    char returnDate[20];
} BorrowRecord;

// 定义书籍结构体
typedef struct {
    char title[100];
    char author[50];
    int year;
    float price;
    BorrowRecord **borrowRecords;
    int recordCount;
    int capacity;
} Book;

// 初始化书籍
Book* createBook(const char* title, const char* author, int year, float price) {
    Book *book = (Book*)malloc(sizeof(Book));
    if (book == NULL) {
        perror("内存分配失败");
        return NULL;
    }
    strcpy(book->title, title);
    strcpy(book->author, author);
    book->year = year;
    book->price = price;
    book->recordCount = 0;
    book->capacity = 2;
    book->borrowRecords = (BorrowRecord**)malloc(book->capacity * sizeof(BorrowRecord*));
    if (book->borrowRecords == NULL) {
        perror("内存分配失败");
        free(book);
        return NULL;
    }
    return book;
}

// 动态添加借阅记录
void addBorrowRecord(Book *book, const char* borrower, const char* borrowDate, const char* returnDate) {
    if (book->recordCount >= book->capacity) {
        book->capacity *= 2;
        book->borrowRecords = (BorrowRecord**)realloc(book->borrowRecords, book->capacity * sizeof(BorrowRecord*));
        if (book->borrowRecords == NULL) {
            perror("内存分配失败");
            return;
        }
    }
    book->borrowRecords[book->recordCount] = (BorrowRecord*)malloc(sizeof(BorrowRecord));
    if (book->borrowRecords[book->recordCount] == NULL) {
        perror("内存分配失败");
        return;
    }
    strcpy(book->borrowRecords[book->recordCount]->borrower, borrower);
    strcpy(book->borrowRecords[book->recordCount]->borrowDate, borrowDate);
    strcpy(book->borrowRecords[book->recordCount]->returnDate, returnDate);
    book->recordCount++;
}

// 查询书籍信息
void printBookInfo(Book *book) {
    printf("书名: %s\n", book->title);
    printf("作者: %s\n", book->author);
    printf("出版年份: %d\n", book->year);
    printf("价格: %.2f\n", book->price);
    printf("借阅记录:\n");
    for (int i = 0; i < book->recordCount; i++) {
        printf("借阅者: %s, 借阅日期: %s, 归还日期: %s\n",
               book->borrowRecords[i]->borrower,
               book->borrowRecords[i]->borrowDate,
               book->borrowRecords[i]->returnDate);
    }
}

// 释放所有动态分配的内存
void freeBook(Book *book) {
    for (int i = 0; i < book->recordCount; i++) {
        free(book->borrowRecords[i]);
    }
    free(book->borrowRecords);
    free(book);
}

int main() {
    Book *book = createBook("C语言程序设计", "谭浩强", 2017, 59.0);
    addBorrowRecord(book, "张三", "2023-10-01", "2023-10-15");
    addBorrowRecord(book, "李四", "2023-11-01", "2023-11-15");
    printBookInfo(book);
    freeBook(book);
    return 0;
}
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面试题：C语言结构体动态内存分配的复杂场景处理

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