面试题：微服务架构下Apache Thrift的基础应用

定义接口文件
- 使用Thrift的IDL（接口定义语言）来定义服务接口。例如，创建一个.thrift文件，在其中定义服务的方法、参数和返回值类型。
```
// 定义命名空间，这里以Java为例
namespace java com.example.thrift

// 定义服务
service HelloService {
    string sayHello(1:string name)
}
```
生成不同语言的代码
- 安装Thrift编译器，根据不同语言的需求进行安装。
- 使用Thrift编译器生成对应语言的代码。例如，对于Java语言：
  - 在命令行执行thrift -gen java HelloService.thrift，会在当前目录生成gen - java目录，里面包含生成的Java代码，包括服务接口、客户端和服务器端相关的基础代码。
- 对于Python语言，执行thrift -gen py HelloService.thrift，会生成Python相关代码，结构类似，用于后续实现服务端和客户端。

启动服务

以Java为例：

在生成的Java代码基础上，实现HelloService接口。

package com.example.thrift;

public class HelloServiceImpl implements HelloService.Iface {
    @Override
    public String sayHello(String name) throws org.apache.thrift.TException {
        return "Hello, " + name;
    }
}

编写服务器端启动代码：

package com.example.thrift;

import org.apache.thrift.TProcessor;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer;
import org.apache.thrift.server.TSimpleServer;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TServerSocket;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransportException;

public class HelloServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            TProcessor processor = new HelloService.Processor<>(new HelloServiceImpl());
            TServerSocket serverTransport = new TServerSocket(9090);
            TServer.Args args1 = new TServer.Args(serverTransport);
            args1.protocolFactory(new TBinaryProtocol.Factory());
            TServer server = new TSimpleServer(args1);
            System.out.println("Starting the server...");
            server.serve();
        } catch (TTransportException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

以Python为例：

实现HelloService接口。

from HelloService import HelloService

class HelloServiceImpl(HelloService.Iface):
    def sayHello(self, name):
        return "Hello, " + name

编写服务器端启动代码：

from thrift.transport import TSocket
from thrift.transport import TTransport
from thrift.protocol import TBinaryProtocol
from thrift.server import TServer
from HelloService import HelloService

class HelloServiceImpl(HelloService.Iface):
    def sayHello(self, name):
        return "Hello, " + name

if __name__ == '__main__':
    try:
        handler = HelloServiceImpl()
        processor = HelloService.Processor(handler)
        transport = TSocket.TServerSocket(port = 9090)
        tfactory = TTransport.TBufferedTransportFactory()
        pfactory = TBinaryProtocol.TBinaryProtocolFactory()

        server = TServer.TSimpleServer(processor, transport, tfactory, pfactory)
        print('Starting the server...')
        server.serve()
    except Exception as e:
        print(e)

客户端进行通信

以Java为例：

编写客户端代码：

package com.example.thrift;

import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TSocket;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransport;

public class HelloClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            TTransport transport = new TSocket("localhost", 9090);
            transport.open();
            TProtocol protocol = new TBinaryProtocol(transport);
            HelloService.Client client = new HelloService.Client(protocol);
            String result = client.sayHello("World");
            System.out.println("Result: " + result);
            transport.close();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

以Python为例：

编写客户端代码：

from thrift.transport import TSocket
from thrift.transport import TTransport
from thrift.protocol import TBinaryProtocol
from HelloService import HelloService

if __name__ == '__main__':
    try:
        transport = TSocket.TSocket('localhost', 9090)
        transport = TTransport.TBufferedTransport(transport)
        protocol = TBinaryProtocol.TBinaryProtocol(transport)
        client = HelloService.Client(protocol)
        transport.open()
        result = client.sayHello("World")
        print("Result: " + result)
        transport.close()
    except Exception as e:
        print(e)

面试题：微服务架构下Apache Thrift的基础应用

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