面试题:Python复杂代码片段深度分析与改进(专家难度)
以下是一段用于处理文本文件中单词频率统计的Python代码,并且使用了多线程来提高处理效率:
```python
import threading
import concurrent.futures
import collections
class WordCounter:
def __init__(self, file_path):
self.file_path = file_path
self.lock = threading.Lock()
self.word_count = collections.Counter()
def count_words(self, start, end):
with open(self.file_path, 'r') as file:
file.seek(start)
data = file.read(end - start)
words = data.split()
local_count = collections.Counter(words)
with self.lock:
self.word_count += local_count
def process_file(self):
file_size = 0
with open(self.file_path, 'r') as file:
file.seek(0, 2)
file_size = file.tell()
num_threads = 4
part_size = file_size // num_threads
threads = []
for i in range(num_threads):
start = i * part_size
end = (i + 1) * part_size if i < num_threads - 1 else file_size
thread = threading.Thread(target=self.count_words, args=(start, end))
threads.append(thread)
thread.start()
for thread in threads:
thread.join()
return self.word_count
if __name__ == '__main__':
counter = WordCounter('large_text_file.txt')
result = counter.process_file()
print(result.most_common(10))
```
1. 分析这段代码可能存在的潜在问题,包括但不限于线程安全、资源竞争、文件读取效率等方面。
2. 提出改进方案,使得代码在正确性、性能和可维护性上都得到提升,可考虑使用 `concurrent.futures` 模块中的其他特性进行优化。