面试题答案
一键面试1. 在Django框架下实现折扣逻辑代码
首先,假设我们有一个models.py
文件定义了相关模型,例如:
from django.db import models
class User(models.Model):
MEMBERSHIP_LEVEL_CHOICES = (
('bronze', 'Bronze'),
('silver', 'Silver'),
('gold', 'Gold'),
)
membership_level = models.CharField(max_length=10, choices=MEMBERSHIP_LEVEL_CHOICES)
class Order(models.Model):
user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
purchase_amount = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2)
product_category = models.CharField(max_length=50)
然后在视图函数(假设在views.py
)中实现折扣逻辑:
def calculate_discount(order):
discount = 0
if order.user.membership_level == 'gold':
discount += 0.1
elif order.user.membership_level =='silver':
discount += 0.05
if order.purchase_amount >= 100:
discount += 0.03
if order.product_category == 'electronics':
discount += 0.02
return discount
2. 优化多个if
条件判断的方法
2.1 使用字典映射
将判断条件和对应的折扣值通过字典映射起来,这样可以减少冗长的if - elif
链。例如:
membership_discounts = {
'gold': 0.1,
'silver': 0.05
}
category_discounts = {
'electronics': 0.02
}
def calculate_discount_optimized(order):
discount = 0
discount += membership_discounts.get(order.user.membership_level, 0)
if order.purchase_amount >= 100:
discount += 0.03
discount += category_discounts.get(order.product_category, 0)
return discount
2.2 策略模式
将每个判断条件封装成一个单独的策略函数,然后通过一个列表或字典来管理这些策略。
def membership_discount(order):
membership_discounts = {
'gold': 0.1,
'silver': 0.05
}
return membership_discounts.get(order.user.membership_level, 0)
def amount_discount(order):
return 0.03 if order.purchase_amount >= 100 else 0
def category_discount(order):
category_discounts = {
'electronics': 0.02
}
return category_discounts.get(order.product_category, 0)
def calculate_discount_strategy(order):
strategies = [membership_discount, amount_discount, category_discount]
discount = 0
for strategy in strategies:
discount += strategy(order)
return discount
通过以上方式,代码的执行效率和可读性都能得到提升。使用字典映射减少了if - elif
的嵌套,而策略模式将复杂逻辑进行了模块化,更易于维护和扩展。