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面试题:Objective-C下Core Bluetooth的复杂数据处理

假设你正在开发一个通过蓝牙接收大量传感器数据的应用,数据以特定格式在Characteristic中传输。请阐述如何在Objective-C中利用Core Bluetooth框架高效接收、解析这些数据,同时要考虑数据的完整性、错误处理以及如何优化内存使用。
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编程语言Objective-C

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面试题答案

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  1. 初始化Core Bluetooth框架
    • 导入<CoreBluetooth/CoreBluetooth.h>头文件。
    • 创建一个CBCentralManager实例来管理与蓝牙设备的连接,例如:
    self.centralManager = [[CBCentralManager alloc] initWithDelegate:self queue:nil];
    
  2. 扫描并连接设备
    • CBCentralManagerDelegatecentralManagerDidUpdateState:方法中检查蓝牙状态,确保蓝牙可用后开始扫描:
    - (void)centralManagerDidUpdateState:(CBCentralManager *)central {
        if (central.state == CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOn) {
            [self.centralManager scanForPeripheralsWithServices:nil options:nil];
        }
    }
    
    • 实现centralManager:didDiscoverPeripheral:advertisementData:RSSI:方法来发现设备,并连接感兴趣的设备:
    - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary<NSString *,id> *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI {
        // 存储设备引用
        self.discoveredPeripheral = peripheral;
        self.discoveredPeripheral.delegate = self;
        [self.centralManager connectPeripheral:self.discoveredPeripheral options:nil];
    }
    
  3. 发现服务和特征
    • 实现centralManager:didConnectPeripheral:方法,在连接成功后发现设备的服务:
    - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral {
        [peripheral discoverServices:nil];
    }
    
    • 实现peripheral:didDiscoverServices:方法来发现服务中的特征,假设已知特征的UUID,可以直接获取:
    - (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverServices:(NSError *)error {
        for (CBService *service in peripheral.services) {
            [peripheral discoverCharacteristics:@[YOUR_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID] forService:service];
        }
    }
    
  4. 接收数据
    • 实现peripheral:didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService:error:方法,为特征设置通知:
    - (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService:(CBService *)service error:(NSError *)error {
        for (CBCharacteristic *characteristic in service.characteristics) {
            if ([characteristic.UUID isEqual:YOUR_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID]) {
                [peripheral setNotifyValue:YES forCharacteristic:characteristic];
            }
        }
    }
    
    • 实现peripheral:didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:error:方法来接收数据:
    - (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error {
        if (error) {
            // 错误处理
            NSLog(@"Error receiving data: %@", error);
            return;
        }
        NSData *data = characteristic.value;
        // 数据解析
        [self parseData:data];
    }
    
  5. 数据解析
    • 假设数据有特定格式,例如是一系列的整数,可以这样解析:
    - (void)parseData:(NSData *)data {
        NSUInteger length = data.length;
        const uint8_t *bytes = data.bytes;
        NSMutableArray *parsedData = [NSMutableArray array];
        for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < length; i += sizeof(int)) {
            int value;
            memcpy(&value, &bytes[i], sizeof(int));
            [parsedData addObject:@(value)];
        }
        // 处理解析后的数据
        NSLog(@"Parsed data: %@", parsedData);
    }
    
  6. 数据完整性
    • 可以在数据格式中加入校验和字段。在发送端计算数据的校验和并附加在数据末尾,接收端在解析数据后重新计算校验和并与接收到的校验和对比。
    • 例如,假设数据是一系列整数,可以这样计算校验和:
    - (NSUInteger)calculateChecksum:(NSData *)data {
        NSUInteger sum = 0;
        const uint8_t *bytes = data.bytes;
        NSUInteger length = data.length;
        for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < length; i += sizeof(int)) {
            int value;
            memcpy(&value, &bytes[i], sizeof(int));
            sum += value;
        }
        return sum;
    }
    
    • 在解析数据时进行校验:
    - (void)parseData:(NSData *)data {
        NSUInteger length = data.length;
        if (length < sizeof(NSUInteger)) {
            // 数据太短,不完整
            NSLog(@"Data is incomplete");
            return;
        }
        NSData *checksumData = [data subdataWithRange:NSMakeRange(length - sizeof(NSUInteger), sizeof(NSUInteger))];
        NSUInteger receivedChecksum;
        [checksumData getBytes:&receivedChecksum length:sizeof(NSUInteger)];
        NSData *contentData = [data subdataWithRange:NSMakeRange(0, length - sizeof(NSUInteger))];
        NSUInteger calculatedChecksum = [self calculateChecksum:contentData];
        if (calculatedChecksum != receivedChecksum) {
            // 校验和不匹配,数据可能损坏
            NSLog(@"Checksum mismatch, data may be corrupted");
            return;
        }
        // 继续正常解析数据
        const uint8_t *bytes = contentData.bytes;
        NSMutableArray *parsedData = [NSMutableArray array];
        for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < contentData.length; i += sizeof(int)) {
            int value;
            memcpy(&value, &bytes[i], sizeof(int));
            [parsedData addObject:@(value)];
        }
        NSLog(@"Parsed data: %@", parsedData);
    }
    
  7. 错误处理
    • 在连接、发现服务/特征、接收数据等各个步骤的代理方法中处理错误,例如:
    - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didFailToConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error {
        NSLog(@"Failed to connect to peripheral: %@", error);
    }
    - (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverServices:(NSError *)error {
        if (error) {
            NSLog(@"Failed to discover services: %@", error);
        }
    }
    - (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService:(CBService *)service error:(NSError *)error {
        if (error) {
            NSLog(@"Failed to discover characteristics: %@", error);
        }
    }
    - (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error {
        if (error) {
            NSLog(@"Error receiving data: %@", error);
        }
    }
    
  8. 内存优化
    • 及时释放不再使用的对象,例如在断开连接后释放CBPeripheral等对象的引用:
    - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDisconnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error {
        self.discoveredPeripheral = nil;
    }
    
    • 在数据处理过程中,避免不必要的中间数据副本。例如,在解析数据时尽量直接从NSData的字节数组中读取数据,而不是先转换为其他大对象。

通过以上步骤,可以在Objective - C中利用Core Bluetooth框架高效接收、解析蓝牙传感器数据,并处理好数据完整性、错误以及内存使用问题。