面试题答案
一键面试1. 指令的定义
在Vue中,自定义指令通过Vue.directive
方法定义。假设指令名为drag-with-animation
,定义如下:
Vue.directive('drag-with-animation', {
// 当被绑定的元素插入到DOM中时调用
inserted: function (el, binding, vnode) {
// 这里开始处理指令相关逻辑
}
});
2. 绑定函数
- inserted函数:在元素插入到DOM后触发,主要用于初始化一些变量和绑定事件。
inserted: function (el, binding, vnode) {
let isDragging = false;
let startX, startY;
let targetLeft = 0;
let targetTop = 0;
const animationArea = binding.value.animationArea;
function handleMouseDown(e) {
isDragging = true;
startX = e.pageX - el.offsetLeft;
startY = e.pageY - el.offsetTop;
}
function handleMouseMove(e) {
if (isDragging) {
const newLeft = e.pageX - startX;
const newTop = e.pageY - startY;
el.style.left = newLeft + 'px';
el.style.top = newTop + 'px';
if (animationArea.contains(el)) {
// 这里处理动画反馈逻辑
el.style.transform = 'scale(1.1)';
} else {
el.style.transform = 'scale(1)';
}
}
}
function handleMouseUp() {
isDragging = false;
}
el.addEventListener('mousedown', handleMouseDown);
document.addEventListener('mousemove', handleMouseMove);
document.addEventListener('mouseup', handleMouseUp);
}
- binding.value:这是传递给指令的值,这里假设传递了一个包含
animationArea
属性的对象,animationArea
是一个DOM元素,表示特定的动画区域。
3. 处理动画逻辑和交互事件
- 动画逻辑:当拖拽的元素进入到
animationArea
区域内时,通过修改el.style.transform
来实现动画效果,例如放大元素。当离开该区域时,恢复原始样式。 - 交互事件:通过
mousedown
、mousemove
和mouseup
事件来实现拖拽功能。mousedown
记录起始位置,mousemove
根据鼠标移动更新元素位置,mouseup
停止拖拽。
4. 关键代码片段整合
<template>
<div id="app">
<div v-drag-with-animation="{ animationArea: $refs.animationArea }"
style="position: absolute; width: 100px; height: 100px; background-color: lightblue;">
</div>
<div ref="animationArea"
style="position: absolute; width: 300px; height: 300px; border: 1px solid red; top: 200px; left: 200px;">
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script>
Vue.directive('drag-with-animation', {
inserted: function (el, binding, vnode) {
let isDragging = false;
let startX, startY;
let targetLeft = 0;
let targetTop = 0;
const animationArea = binding.value.animationArea;
function handleMouseDown(e) {
isDragging = true;
startX = e.pageX - el.offsetLeft;
startY = e.pageY - el.offsetTop;
}
function handleMouseMove(e) {
if (isDragging) {
const newLeft = e.pageX - startX;
const newTop = e.pageY - startY;
el.style.left = newLeft + 'px';
el.style.top = newTop + 'px';
if (animationArea.contains(el)) {
el.style.transform = 'scale(1.1)';
} else {
el.style.transform = 'scale(1)';
}
}
}
function handleMouseUp() {
isDragging = false;
}
el.addEventListener('mousedown', handleMouseDown);
document.addEventListener('mousemove', handleMouseMove);
document.addEventListener('mouseup', handleMouseUp);
}
});
export default {
name: 'App'
};
</script>
<style>
#app {
font-family: Avenir, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
-webkit - font - smoothing: antialiased;
-moz - osx - font - smoothing: grayscale;
text-align: center;
color: #2c3e50;
margin - top: 60px;
}
</style>
以上代码实现了一个可拖拽且在特定区域内有动画反馈的组件,通过自定义Vue指令来完成该功能。